Bis(dialkylaminoaryl)ethylene photoconductors

ABSTRACT

1,1-BIS(DIALKYLAMINOACRYL)ETHYLENES ARE USEFUL AS ORGANIC PHOTOCONDUCTORS IN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS.

United States Patent {@e 3,677,752 BIS(DIALKYLAMINOARYL)ETHYLENE PHOTOCONDUCTORS Jerome J. Looker and Charles J. Fox, Rochester, N.Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY. No Drawing. Filed Sept. 2, 1969, Ser. No. 854,718 Int. Cl. G03g 5/06 US. Cl. 96-].6 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 1,1-bis (dialkylaminoaryl) ethylenes are useful as organic photoconductors in electrophotographic systems.

This invention relates to electrophotography, and in particular to photoconductive compositions and elements.

The process of xerography, as disclosed by Carlson in US. 2,297,691, employs an electrophotographic element comprising a support material bearing a coating of a normally insulating material whose electrical resistance varies with the amount of incident electromagnetic radiation it receives during an imagewise exposure. The element, commonly termed a photoconductive element, is first given a uniform surface charge, generally in the dark after a suitable period of dark adaptation. It is then exposed to a pattern of actinic radiation which has the effect of difierentially reducing the potential of this surface charge in accordance with the relative energy contained in various parts of the radiation pattern. The differential surface charge or electrostatic latent image remaining on the electrophotographic element is then made visible by contacting the surface with a suitable electroscopic marking material. Such marking material or toner, whether contained in an insulating liquid or on a dry carrier, can be deposited on the exposed surface in accordance with either the charge pattern or discharge pattern as desired. Deposited marking material can then be either permanently fixed to the surface of the sensitive element by known means such as heat, pressure, solvent vapor, or the like, or transferred to a second element to which it can similarly be fixed. Likewise, the electrostatic latent image can be transferred to a second element and developed there.

Various photoconductive insulating materials have been employed in the manufacture of electrophotographic elements. For example, vapors of selenium and 'vapors of selenium. alloys deposited on a suitable support and particles of photoconductive zinc oxide held in a resinous, film-forming binder have found wide application in the present-day document copying applications.

Since the introduction of electrophotography, a great many organic compounds have also been screened for their photoconductive properties. As a result, a very large number of organic compounds have been known to possess some degree of photoconductivity. Many organic compounds have revealed a useful level of photoconduction and have been incorporated into photoconductive compositions.

Typical of these organic photoconductors are the triphenylamines and the triarylmethane leuco bases. Optically clear photoconductor-containing elements having desirable electrophotographic properties can be especially useful in electrophotography. Such electrophotographic elements can be exposed through a transparent base if desired, thereby providing unusual flexibility in equipment design. Such compositions, when coated as a film or layer on a suitable support, also yield an element which is reusable; that is, it can be used to form subsequent images after residual toner from prior images has been 1 3,677,752 Patented July 18, 1972 removed by transfer and/or cleaning. Thus far, the selection of various compounds for incorporation into photoconductive compositions to form electrophotographic layers has proceeded on a compound-by-cornpound basis. Nothing as yet has been discovered from the large number of different photoconductive substances tested which permits effective prediction, and therefore selection of the particular compounds exhibiting the desired electrophotographic properties.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a novel class of photoconductors having high photosensitivity when electrically charged. -1

It is another object to provide novel photoconductorcontaining compositions which exhibit high electrical speeds. r Y

It is a further object of the invention toprovide an improved process utilizing'the novel photoconductors de: scribed herein. i

These and other objects of the invention are accomplished by employing a 1,l-bis(dialkylaminoaryl)ethylene as a photoconductor. Either or both of the 2. positions of the ethylene can be substituted by various groups including amino groups, aryl groups, alkyl groups, aryloxy groups, alkoxy groups, nitro groups, halogen atoms, hydroxy groups, heterocyclic groups, hydrogen atoms, etc. It has been found that by using such compounds as photoconductors in electrophotographic elements, that high quality images are reproduced from image-bearing originals. The photoconductors of the invention have significantly higher speeds compared to those related compounds having only one or no l-dialkylaminoaryl substituent such as those described in US. Pat. 3,158,475 and British Pat. 944,362.

The preferred 1,1-bis(dialkylaminoaryl)ethylene compounds useful as photoconductors in this invention are characterized by the following formula:

wherein R R R and R each represent a lower aliphatic alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, a propyl group, an ethyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an isobutyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group, an octyl group, etc.;

R and R, can be the same or different substituents each representing any of thefollowing:

(1) An aliphatic group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, octyl, dodecyl, etc. including a substituted alkyl group having 1 to' 18 carbon atoms such as p (a) alkoxyalkyl e.g., ethoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, propoxymethyl, etc.,

(b) aryloxyalkyl e.g., phenoxyethyl, naphthoxymethyl,

phenoxypentyl, etc.,

(c) aminoalkyl e.g., aminobutyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, etc.

(d) hydroxyalkyl e.g., hydroxypropyl, hydroxyoctyl,

hydroxymethyl, etc.,

(e) aralkyl e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, etc.,

(f) alkylaminoalkyl e.g., methylaminopropyl, methylaminoethyl, etc., and also including dialkylaminoalkyl e.g., diethylaminoethyl, dimethylaminopropyl, dipropylaminooctyl, etc., i

I (g) arylaminoalkyl, e.g., phenylaminoalkyl, diphenylaminoalkyl, N-phenyl-N-ethylaminopentyl, N-phenyl- N-ethylaminohexyl, naphthylaminomethyl,

(h) nitroalkyl, e.g., 'nitrobutyl, nitroethyl, nitropentyl,

i A (g) arylaminocycloalkyl, e.g., phenylaminocyclohexyl,

diphenylaminocyclohexyl, N-phenyl-N-ethylaminocyclopentyl, N-phenyl-N-methylaminocyclohexyl, naphylarninocyclopentyl, etc.,

etc (h) nitrocycloalkyl, e.g., nitrocyclobutyl, nitrocyclo- (i) cyanoalkyl, e.g., cyanopropyl, cyanobutyl, cyanohexyl, nitrocyclopentyl, etc.,

ethyl, etc., (i) cyanocycloalkyl, e.g., cyanocyclohexyl, cyano- -'(j) haloalkyl e.g., chloromethyl, bromopentyl, chlorocyclobutyl, cyanocyclopentyl, etc.,-

octyl,-etc., (j) halocycloalkyl e.g., chlorocyclohexyl, bromocyclo- (k). alkyl substituted with an acyl group having the pentyl, chlorocyclooctyl, etc.,

formula (k) cycloalkyl substituted with an acyl group having O the formula s, ALB E wherein R is hydroxy, hydrogen, aryl, e.g. phenyl, l5

naphthyl, etc. lower alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms h i R i h d hydrogen, l h l ib -i methyl, e y P PYL -v 3min!) includmg naphthyl, etc., amino including substituted amino 'f' u a dilowemlkylamino, lower alkoxy e.g., diloweralkylamino, loweralkoxy having 1 to 8 having 1 t0 8 carbon 2101115 e.g., blltOXY, methoxy, tC-, ca bgn atoms 3% butoxy methoxy etc aryloxy Y XY p yr p y, -i e.g., phenoxy, naphthoxy, etc., lower alkyl having 1 ;(2-) An ryl gr p 1 3 naphthyl, anthlyl, to 8 carbon atoms e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, fluorenyl, etc. including a substituted aryl grou such as m; ggggzgg gif'ii methoxyphenyl pro (4) A heterocyclic group including a substituted heterocyclic group containing 5 to 6 members in the iggg gg g gg"gig naphthoxyphenyl hetero nucleus and including at least one sulfur, selenium, (c ami oa yl e.g., aminophenyl, aminonaphthyl, g p nlitrogen atom a thienyl a amimmhryl, r l yl grifii g a Elia?di ZrZul $155131 2153?; 1 ig l ydmxyphenyl, hydroxynaphthyl pyrrolinyl group, a benzopyrrolyl group e.g., an indolyl p y ygroup, a rijarbazfolyll group, a furyl groujp le.g., a furfuryl group, a enzo ury group etc., a pyrl y group, e.g., a a pyri y group, an a y pyri y group, a nitropyri y 22 1, e.g., dlethylammophenyl, dlpropylamlnophenyl, group etc. a piperidyl group, a quinolyl group an acridinyl group, a pyranyl group, a benzopyranyl group,

n l, 1 h n 1- gg figggfigfi 335 2 5 ?g i gigggg g g g i :t Pyrazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group,

phenyl-N-chloroaminophenyl, naphthylaminophenyl, Hydmnem etc., 0 (h) nitroaryl e.g., nitrophenyl, nitronaphthyl, mtro- 40 2 ,3 gigagfgi gg f g atoms methoxy ,anthryl (7) Aryloxy e.g., phenoxy, naphthoxy, etc.; (1) cyanoaryl, e.g., cyanophenyl, cyanonaphthyl, cyano- (8) Amino havino the formula anthryl, etc., (j) haloaryl e.g., chlorophenyl, bromophenyl, chloro- R naphthyl, etc., (k) aryl substituted with an acyl group having the formula 0 wherein R and R are the same or different including byg R drogen, lower alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc., aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, wherein R is hydroxy, halogen, e.g., chlorine, hydroetc; gen, aryl, e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, etc. amino including (9) Nitm; and substituted amino e.g., diloweralkylamino, lower alk- (1O) Halogen Such as chlorine, bmmim, fl i oxy having 1 to 8 carbon atoms e.g., butoxy, meiodhm Y etc! Y Phenoxy, naphthoxy, 1 The preferred substituents for R and R include bylower alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms e.g., methyl, drogen atoms, lower alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon ethyl, p py y atoms and aryl groups. YL Y P Y P P f' Typical compounds which belong to the herein A y a kyl group having 4 t0 3 Carbon atoms In described general class of photoconductive materials incyclic nucleus Q y l b tyl, cyclohexyl, cy 0P l/ clude the following compounds listed in Table I below: etc. including a substituted cycloalkyl group such as (a) alkoxycyeloalkyl e.g., ethoxycyclohexyl, methoxy- TABLE I cyclobu yl, PI P XY YC YL (I) fi,/8-Bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)styrene (b) aryloxycyeloalkyl, e.g., phenoxycyclohexyl, naph- (II) 1,l-bis(4-diethylaminophenyl)ethylene oxycyclohexyl, phenoxycyclopentyl, etc., (III) l,1-bis(4-dirnethylaminophenyl)ethylene (c) aminocycloalkyl, e.g., aminocyclobutyl, aminocy- (IV) 1,l-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)propylene clohexyl, aminocyclopentyl, etc., (V) 1,1-bis(4-diethylarninophenyl)propylene (d) hydroxycycloalkyl e.g., hydroxycyclohexyl, hy- (VI) 1,l-zbis(4 dimethy1aminophenyl)butylene droxycyclopentyl, hydroxycyclobutyl, etc., (VII) 1,1-bis(4-dimethylarninophenyl)-2-phenoxy- (e) arylcycloalkyl e.g., phenylcyclohexyl, phenylcycloethylene butyl, etc., (VIII) 1,1-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-ethoxy- (f) alkylaminocycloalkyl e.g., methylaminocyclohexyl, ethylene methylaminocyclopentyl, etc. and also including di- (IX) l,l-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-chlorobutylene alkylaminocycloalkyl e.g., diethylaminocyclohexyl, (X) 1,1-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-nitropr0py1ene dimethylam'mocyclobutyl, dipropylaminocyclooctyl, (XI) 1,l-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-dimethylaminoetc., ethylene (XII) 5,;8-Bis(4-dipropylaminophenyl) styrene (XIII) [Sp-Bis(4-dihexylaminophenyl)styrene (XIV) 13,5-Bis(4-dihexylaminophenyl) styrene (XV) 1,1,2-tris(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethylene (XVI) 1,l-bis(4-diethylaminophenyl)-2-(2-naphthyl) ethylene Electrophotographic elements of the invention can be prepared with the photoconducting compounds of the invention in the usual manner, i.e., by blending a dispersion or solution of a photoconductive compound together with a binder, when necessary or desirable, and coating or forming a self-supporting layer with the photoconductorcontaining material. Mixtures of the photoconductors described herein can be employed. Likewise, other photoconductors known in the art such as those described in Light Belgian Pat. 705,117 dated Apr. 16, 1968, can be combined with the present photoconductors. In addition, supplemental materials useful for changing the spectral sensitivity or electrophoto'sensitivity of the element can be added to the composition of the element when it is desirable to produce the characteristic effect of such materials.

The photoconductive layers of the invention can also be sensitized by the addition 'of effective amounts of sensitizing compounds to exhibit improved electrophotosensitivity. Sensitizing compounds useful with the photoconductive compounds of the present invention can be selected from a wide variety of materials, including such materials as pyrylium dye salts including thiapyrylium dye salts and selenapyrylium dye salts disclosed in Van Allan et al. US. Pat. 3,250,615; fluorenes, such as 7,12-dioxo-13-dibenzo(a,h)fluorene, 5,10-dioxo4a,11-diazabenzo(b)fiuorene, 3,13 dioxo-7-oxadibenzo(b,g)fluorene, and the like; aggregate type sensitizers of the type described in Light Belgian Pat. 705,117 dated Apr. 16, 1968; aromatic nitro compounds of the kinds described in US. Pat. 2,610,120; anthrones like those disclosed in U.S. Pat. 2,670,284; quinones, US. Pat. 2,670,286; benzophenones U.S..Pat. 2,670,287; thiazoles US. Pat. 2,732,301; mineral acids; carboxylic acids, such as maleic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and salicyclic acid; sulfonic and phosphoric acids; and various dyes, such as cyanine (including carbocyanine), merocyanine, diarylmethane, thiazine, azine, oxazine, xanthene, phthalein, acridine, azo, anthraquinone dyes and the like and mixtures thereof. The sensitizers preferred for use with the compounds of this invention are selected from pyrylium salts including selenapyrylium salts and thiapyrylium salts, and cyanine dyes including 'carbocyanine dyes.

Where a sensitizing compound is employed with the binder and organic photoconductor to form a sensitized electrophotographic element, it is the normal practice to mix a suitable amount of the sensitizing compound with the coating composition so that, after thorough mixing, the sensitizing compound is uniformly distributed in the coated element. Other methods of incorporating the sensitizer or the effect of the sensitizer may, however, be employed consistent with the practice of this invention. In preparing the photoconductive layers, no sensitizing compound is required to give photoconductivity in the layers which contain the photoconducting substances, therefore, no sensitizer is required in a particular photoconductive layer. However, since relatively minor amounts of sensitizing compound give substantial improvement in speed in such layers, the sensitizer is preferred. The amount of sensitizer that can be added to a photoconductor-incorporating layer to give effective increases in speed can vary widely. The optimum concentration in any given case Will vary with-the specific photoconductor and sensitizing compound used. In general, substantial speed gains can be obtained where an appropriate sensitizer is added in a concentration range from about 0.0001 to about 30 percent by weight based on the weight of the film-forming coating composition. Normally, a sensitizer is added to the coating composition in an amount by weight from about 0.005 to about 5.0 percent by weight of the total coating composition.

Preferred binders for use in preparing the present photoconductive layers are film-forming, hydrophobic polymeric binders having fairly high dielectric strength which are good electrically insulating film-forming vehicles. Materials of this type comprise styrene-butadiene copolymers; silicone resins; styrene-alkyd resins; silicone-alkyd resins; soya-alkyd resins; poly(vinyl chloride); poly(vinylidene chloride); vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers; poly(vinyl acetate); vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymers; poly(vinyl acetals), such as poly(vinyl butyral); polyacrylic and methacrylic esters, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(n-butyl methacrylate), poly(isobutyl methacrylate), etc.; polystyrene; nitrated polystyrene; polymethylstyrene; isobutylene polymers; polyesters, such as poly[ethylene-co-alkylenebis(alkyleneoxyaryl)phenylenedicarboxylate]; phenolformaldehyde resins; ketone resins; polamides; polycarbonates; polythiocarbonates; poly[ethylene co isopropylidene 2,2 bis (ethyleneoxyphenyl)terephthalate]; copolymers of vinyl haloarylates and vinyl acetate such as poly (vinyl m-bromobenzoate-covinylacetate); etc. Methods of making resins of this type have been described in the prior art, for example, styrenealkyd resins can be prepared according to the method described in US. Pats. 2,361,019 and 2,258,423. Suitable resins of the type contemplated for use in the photoconductive layers of the invention are sold under such trade names as Vitel PE-101, *Cymac, Piccopale 100, Saran F-220, Lexan and Lexan 145. Other types of binders which can be used in the photoconductive layers of the invention include such materials as paraffin, mineral waxes, etc.

Solvents useful for preparing coating compositions with the photoconductors of the present invention can include a wide variety of organic solvents for the components of the coating composition. For example, benzene; toluene; acetone; Z-butanone; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride; ethylene chloride; and the like; ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and the like, or mixtures of such Solvents can advantageously be employed in the practice of this invention.

In preparing the coating compositions utilizing the photoconducting compounds disclosed herein useful results are obtained where the photoconductive substance is present in an amount equal to at least about 1 weight percent of the coating composition. The upper limit in the amount of photoconductive material present can be widely varied in accordance with usual practice. It is normally required that the photoconductive material be present in an amount ranging from about 1 weight percent of the coating composition to about 99 weight percent of the coating composition. A preferred weight range for the photoconductive material in the coating composition is from about 10 weight percent to about 60 weight percent.

Coating thicknesses of the photoconductive composition on a support can vary widely. Normally, a wet coating thickness in the range of about 0.001 inch to about 0.01 inch is useful in the practice of the invention. A preferred range of coating thickness is from about 0.002 inch to about 0.006 inch before drying although such thicknesses can vary widely depending on the particular application desired for the electrophotographic element.

Suitable supporting materials for the photoconductive layers of the present invention can include any of the electrically conducting supports, for example, various conducting papers; aluminum paper laminates; metal foils, such as aluminum foil, zinc foil, etc.; metal plates, such as aluminum, copper, zinc, brass, and galvanized plates; vapor deposited metal layer such as silver, nickel or aluminum on conventional film supports such as cellulose acetate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polystyrene and the like conducting supports.

An especially useful conducting support can be prepared by coating a transparent film support material such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) with a layer containing a semiconductor dispersed in a resin. A suitable conducting coating can be prepared from the sodium salt of a carboxyester lactone of a maleic anhydride-vinyl acetate copolymer, cuprous iodide and the like. Such conducting layers and methods for their optimum preparation and use are disclosed in US. 3,007,901, 3,245,833 and 3,267,807.

The compositions of the present invention can be employed in photoconductive elements useful in any of the well known electrophotographic processes which require photoconductive layers. One such process is the xerographic process. In a process of this type, an electrophotographic element held in the dark, is given a blanket electrostatic charge by placing it under a corona discharge to give a uniform charge to the surface of the photoconductive layer. This charge is retained by the layer owing to the substantial dark insulating property of the layer, i.e., the low conductivity of the layer in the dark. The electrostatic charge formed on the surface of the photoconductive layer is then selectively dissipated from the surface of the layer by imagewise exposure to light by means of a conventional exposure operation such as for example, by a contact-printing technique, or by lens projection of an image, or reflex or bireflex techniques and the like, to thereby form a latent electrostatic image in the photoconductive layer. Exposing the surface in this manner forms a pattern of electrostatic charge by virtue of the fact that light energy striking the photoconductor causes the electrostatic charge in the light struck areas to be conducted away from the surface in proportion to the intensity of the illumination in a particular area.

The charge pattern produced by exposure is then developed or transferred to another surface and developed there, i.e., either the charge or uncharged areas rendered visible, by treatment with a medium comprising electrostatically responsive particles having optical density. The developing electrostatically responsive particles can be in the form of a dust, or powder and generally comprise a pigment in a resinous carrier called a toner. A preferred method of applying such a toner to a latent electrostatic image for solid area development is by the use of a magnetic brush. Methods of forming and using a magnetic brush toner applicator are described in the following US. Pats: 2,786,439; 2,786,440; 2,786,441; 2,811,465; 2,874,- 063; 2,984,163; 3,040,704; 3,117,884 and reissue Re. 25,779. Liquid development of the latent electrostatic image may also be used. In liquid development the developing particles are carried to the image-bearing surface in an electrically insulating liquid carrier. Methods of development of this type are widely known and have been described in the patent literature, for example, US. Pat. 2,297,691 and in Australian Pat. 212,315. In dry developing processes the most widely used method of obtaining a permanent record is achieved by selecting a developing particle which has as one of its components a low-melting resin. Heating the powder image then causes the resin to melt or fuse into or on the element. The powder is, therefore, caused to adhere permanently to the surface of the photoconductive layer. In other cases, a transfer of the charge image or powder image formed on the photoconductive layer can be made to a second support such as paper which would then become the [final print after developing and fusing or fusing respectively. Techniques of the type indicated are well known in the art and have been described in a number of US. and foreign patents, such as US. Pats. 2,297,691 and 2,551,582, and in RCA Review, vol. (1954) pages 469-484.

The compositions of the present invention can be used in electrophotographic elements having many structural variations. For example, the photoconductive composition can be coated in the form of single layers or multiple layers on a suitable opaque or transparent conducting support. Likewise, the layers can be contiguous or spaced having layers of insulating material or other photoconductive material betweenlayers or overcoated or interposed between the photoconductive layer or, sensitizing layer and the conducting layer. It is also possible to adjust the position of the support and the conducting layer by placing a photoconductor layer over a support and coating the exposed face of the support or the exposed or overcoated face of the photoconductor a conducting layer. Configurations dilfering from'those contained in the examples can be useful or even preferred for the same or diiferent application for the electrophotographic element.

The following examples are included for'a further understanding of this invention.

EXAMPLE 1 A composition in the form of a dope "consisting of the following materials is coated at a wet'thickness of 0.004 inch on a p oly(ethylene terephthalate) film support containing a conducting layer of the sodium salt of a carboxyester resin lactone:

In a darkened room, the surface of the photoconductive layer so prepared is charged to potential of about +600 volts under a corona charger. The layer is then covered with a transparent sheet bearing a pattern of opaque and light-transmitting areas and exposedto the radiation from an incandescent lamp with an'illumination intensity of about meter-candles for 12 seconds. The'resulting electrostatic latent image is developed by cascadingover the surface of the layer negatively charged black thermoplastic toner particles on glass bead carriers. The quality of the image reproduced using the various photoconductors described herein are set forth in the following table. a

' TABLE II Photoconductor: I p Image quality None None reproduced.

(I) Good.

Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do.

EXAMPLE I Example 1 isrepeated except that the sensitizer used is 4- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) 2,6 diphenylthiapyrylium perchlorate and the binder is Lexan- "(a polycarbonate resin sold by General Electric Co.). A'g'ood reproduction is obtained in each instance. When the photoconductor'is omitted, no image is obtained.

EXAMPL Example 1 is repeated using various sensitizers with photoconductor I. The sensitizers employed are listed in the following table.

9 TABLE III Sensitizer: Image obtained 6-ch1oro-l'-methyl-1,2,3'-triphenylimidazo [4,5 -b] quinoxalino-3 '-indolocarbocyanine p-toluenesulfonate yes 6,6'-dich1oro-1,1',3,3'-tetraphenylimidazo [4,5-b]quinoxalinocarbocyanine p-toluene- EXAMPLE 4 Example 3 is repeated except compounds Il-XVI are used. In each instance a good quality image is produced.

The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but, it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.

We claim:

1. An electrophotographic element comprising a conductive support having thereon a photoconductive composition comprising a polymeric film-forming binder, a 5,5 bis(diloweralkylaminoaryDstyrene photoconductor and a sensitizer therefor.

2. An electrophotographic element comprising a conductive support having coated thereon a photoconductive composition comprising (a) from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight based on said photoconductive composition of fl, 3-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)styrene as the organic photoconductor,

(b) a film-forming polymeric binder for said photoconductor and (c) 0.005% to about 5% by weight based on said photoconductive composition of a sensitizer for said photoconductive composition.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,536,484 10/ 1970 Dowden et a] 961.5-

2,128,945 9/1938 Jones 260-570 X 3,246,983 4/1966 Sus et al. 96-15 FOREIGN PATENTS 964,874 7/1964 Great Britain 961.5

1,336,609 7/1963 France 961.5

R. E. MARTIN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

